breast

Construction and location of the breast

A woman has two breasts (mammary glands in Latin). These are located in the muscle, which is located on your ribs and intercostal muscles. The two breasts may vary from each other in size and shape. The breasts grow in puberty, under the influence of hormones. They are a secondary sex characteristic of women. Also, men have breasts, but not develop.

Breasts contain milk glands, fat, connective tissue, blood vessels and lymph vessels and have an offshoot of breast tissue in the armpit . A mammary gland consists of melklobjes with milk-producing cells. Each has a mammary gland milk duct, and it flows into the nipple. Each breast has one nipple surrounded by areola (areola). The areola can vary in color from light pink to dark brown.

Function of breasts

Breasts make breastfeeding and play a role in sexual arousal.

The nipples containing many blood vessels and nerve endings, which play a role in sexual arousal and breast-feeding. In cold weather or sexual excitement, the nipples are hard.

Operation of the breasts

After ovulation, progesterone causes an increase in the glandular tissue in the breasts. There's more blood to breasts in preparation for a possible pregnancy. This can cause breast pain during menstruation or pregnancy.

The mammary glands are the main function of feeding the baby with milk The milk is prepared during the pregnancy by the hormone prolactin.  the milk flows from the milk glands through the milk ducts to the nipple. When the mother hears her baby cry, the hormone oxytocin is released. This squeezing muscle cells around the milk glands to contract, causing the milk in the milk ducts.

The connective tissue in the chest provides strength and the amount of adipose tissue determines the size of the breast. In addition, protecting the connective and adipose tissue and the blood vessels in the breast milk glands.

Problems with breasts

Breast cancer is the most dangerous disease of the breast. In breast cancer grows a malignant tumor in 1 breast. Breast cancer is common cancer between women, but it also occurs in men.

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bladder

Construction of the bladder

Your bladder is the bottom of your belly, behind the pubic bone. It is a more or less spherical organ. On the sides mouths from two ureters which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. An empty bladder is clean but small, a full bladder has a capacity of 400 ml. Backflow of urine to the kidneys is not possible. At the bottom of the bladder is the urethra.

Your bladder has an extensive blood and nerve supply. The wall of the bladder has a muscular layer, causing your bladder can stretch and relax. In order to ensure that urine does not immediately leave your bladder, there is a so-called sphincter present. This closes the output off until leakage is not desirable.

Anatomy of the kidneys

Function of the bladder

Your bladder has a very clear function. Urine which is produced in kidneys, comes through the ureters into the bladder and is temporarily stored there. As a result, it is possible that we do not lose the entire day urine. We do several times a day to the toilet. A healthy person who drinks enough to urinate about six to eight times a day.

Operation of the bladder

Between the ureters and the urethra is a triangular little area that's sensitive. If your bladder fills with urine, will eventually go stretch this triangle. As a result, you get an urge to urinate. Then, when you yourself go to the bathroom, 

the control center of your bladder will take over this task and make sure that you go pee. From the moment you housebroken, this control center does not usually intervene, but your own way to the toilet. Once on the toilet the sphincter of the bladder will be released automatically. By then the muscle layer to pull back on your bladder urine can outside. The abdominal muscles tightening is not necessary during urination. Although the pressure on the bladder becomes larger, the urethra is pinched off so you urine less easily flowing.

Bladder problems

There are several problems or disorders of the bladder.  This is known as a bladder infection. In addition, you get a bladder augmentation bladder prolapse or bladder neck stricture. 

If you have bladder stones hope crystals urine until the onion chips. When bladder cancer is growing and malignant tumor in the bladder. Some people have an overactive bladder, one also speaks of a weak bladder.

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adrenal

Construction and location of the adrenal glands

The adrenal glands are two small organs that lie on a layer of fat on top of the kidneys. They each weigh about five grams and are grayish in color. Adrenal glands consist of two parts, the marrow (medulla) inside, and the bark (cortex) on the outside. The adrenal medulla is composed of nerve tissue. The adrenal cortex is made up of three layers, each with a different function. For the adrenal glands is surrounded by the adrenal capsule and a protective layer of fat.

The anatomy of the kidneys

Function of the adrenal glands                       

The function of the adrenal glands is to produce hormones. They make the following hormones:

Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Cortisol.

Aldosterone.

Androgens (male sex hormones) and estrogens (female sex hormones).

This explains where these hormones in the adrenal glands are created and how they work.

Functioning of the adrenal glands

In the medulla of the adrenal glands (nor) epinephrine, and dopamine made. These hormones are known as the "fight-or-flight" hormones because they cause the body to make an extra effort to danger or stress. The heart beats faster and there is extra glucose that was stored in your body, free for extra energy. When the danger is over, the adrenaline production decreases. The body then responds normally.

In the outer layer of the adrenal cortex is produced aldosterone. Aldosterone regulates the mineral metabolism by the kidneys let out divorce less salt. This aldosterone regulates blood pressure indirectly.

The middle layer of the adrenal cortex produces cortisol, which stimulates the production and storage of glucose. Cortisol also plays a role in the defense against pathogens. And affects your sleep wake rhythm.

The inner layer produces androgens and estrogens, which play a role in the development of the sexual characteristics of men and women.

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epididymis

Construction of the epididymis

The epididymis or epididymis is a comma-shaped organ located in the scrotum. The epididymis lie behind the testicles or testes. You have two testicles, including two testicles. Each epididymis consists of a tube that is completely rolled up. The total length of the tube is no less than six meters.

From the epididymis, the vas deferens springs which then goes to the prostate through the groin. Behind the prostate, the vas deferens, together with the removal of seminal vesicles. The seminal vesicles are glands that produce semen.

Male genitalia epididymis

Function of the epididymis

The epididymis has an important role in the maturing and storage of sperm cells. The sperm cells produced in the testicles are transported to the epididymis. In the epididymis ripen them further. Further, here, they develop the ability to swim and to bind itself to the female egg.

Operation of the epididymis

The sperm coming from the testicle to the epididymis. The sperm then move through the six meter long tube back before they are released during ejaculation. During this trip the sperm cells mature. This maturation takes place in a predominantly acidic environment, so that the sperm are inactive and thereby use little energy. After maturing sperm cells are transported in the epididymis to the vas deferens or (if there will be no ejaculation) absorbed through the epididymis. The epididymis is not involved in hormone production.

Problems with the epididymis

The epididymitis. An inflamed epididymis is caused by a bacterial infection of the urinary tract that has extended to the vas deferens. The epididymitis is usually unilateral and gives pain and swelling at the rear of one of the testicles. Often, the cause of a chlamydia epididymitis.

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uterus

Construction of the uterus

The womb or uterus is a female sexual organ which has the shape and the size of a pear. It is located in the pelvic cavity, behind the bladder and the rectum. 

 The uterus is formed of two parts: 

the body and the cervix. The body is connected via the fallopian tubes with the ovaries. In the body can also be the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) will take place. The cervix is ​​the connection with the cervix as a connection to the vagina.

The uterine wall consists of four layers. The outer layer consists mainly of smooth muscle which contracts strongly during childbirth to expel the baby. This is called labor. Next comes another layer with a lot of muscle .

 The third layer 

consists of ring-shaped muscle tissue. This baby leans during pregnancy. The innermost layer is the uterine lining (endometrium). This lining is made from two layers:1( the basal layer and 2)the functional layer.the no. 2 disposed at menstruation and then grows during the cycle and The basal layer is always present  . In this layer the fertilized ovum implants itself.

Uterus

Function of the uterus

The uterus has several functions. Below, the most important will be discussed:

Embryo implantation

The main function of the uterus is the implantation of the fertilized ovum. Each month, there will be in one of the ovaries a mature egg is released. This comes in the fallopian tube (ovulation). After intercourse, the egg can be fertilized by a sperm there. After this move the fertilized cell to the uterus, where it can implant in the uterine lining. Here the embryo extract sufficient nutrients for growth and development until the placenta (placenta) is formed.

Embryo protection

Even if you're pregnant, the uterus plays an important role. About two weeks after the implantation of the embryo amniotic fluid begins to develop herein. This serves as a buffer for the embryo, where it can move freely and is safe from bumps, 

pushes and temperature changes. Also carries waste from the embryo and protects it against infections. 

Delivery

Labor begins when the uterus to contract. These contractions you call labor and ensure that the cervix softens and 

unlocks. Childbirth can also begin to rupture of membranes.

Embryo implantation

The endometrium responds strongly to the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. They prepare the endometrium for a 

possible pregnancy. Estrogen ensures that the endometrium becomes thicker, and by progesterone arise more mucus glands. If 

fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum dies. As a result, the amount of sex hormones and the endometrium 

partially divested. These blood vessels burst and bleeding occurs (menstruation).

Embryo protection

Mother and child care both for the development of amniotic fluid. The placenta, which arises from special cells of the 

embryo, to replace just before delivery every half hour for nearly half a liter of amniotic fluid. Approximately 98% of 

the amniotic fluid consists of water. The rest consists of urine and skin cells from the baby, placenta nutrients and 

hormones.

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Function of the pancreas

Function of the pancreas

Digestion

An important function of the pancreas is the production of pancreatic juice. It contains enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins in the digestive system. In addition, the alkaline substances from the juice ensure that the acidic stomach contents is neutralized, if it enters the intestine. As a result, the pH of the intestinal contents is much higher than the content of the stomach. This means that the intestinal content is less acidic.

Glucose Mirror

The pancreas produces two hormones which are important for the metabolism of sugars , insulin & glucagon. These hormones regulate your blood glucose (blood sugar). Glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans.

Operation of the pancreas

Pancreatic juice

The pancreatic juice contains alkaline substances which neutralize the acidic food slurry enters the duodenum from the stomach. In addition, the juice enzymes that help break down proteins.

Glucagon and insulin

We get our energy from food. Important nutrients are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These nutrients are in your digestive include converted into glucose.

This then passes from your digestive system into your blood. Your blood sugar rises then. It is essential that you always glucose level is between 4 and 8 milimol / liter.

A rising glucose level is a signal for the pancreas to release insulin into the blood. Insulin causes your body cells to record glucose from your blood. The glucose particles are coupled to each other to form long chains.  Glycogen can be stored in the liver and muscles as energy reserve. Your glucose level decreases. Among other insulin also ensures that you do not feel hungry anymore.

When you have not eaten anything for a while, decreases your blood glucose. You need new energy. Your pancreas then gives the hormone glucagon into the bloodstream. This hormone ensures that the glycogen in the liver is broken down into glucose and released into the bloodstream. Your glucose level rises.

As glucagon and insulin have opposite function, they work together to ensure that the glucose in balance.

diabetes mellitus type 1 :If the pancreas does not produce insulin and the glucose in your blood is high. Does the pancreas low insulin or the body reacts insufficient,( type 2 diabetes).

Problems with the pancreas

There are several diseases of the pancreas. In type 1 diabetes, the insulin production in the pancreas not normal. 

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hormones

What are hormones?

Hormones are substances that the body itself produces and regulate many functions of the body and influence processes. So they can turn or just slowing down organs and tissues. However, the organ or tissue have to be specific receptors (receivers) have for the hormone.  Hormones affect both long-term body processes, such as growth or maturation of gametes as faster-acting body processes such as blood pressure . This is as hormones are transported in your blood and also stay long there. Eventually hormones degraded in the liver. Much faster working processes - such as moving a muscle - are controlled by nerves. These products can emit short signals.

Function of hormones

Hormones are involved in various processes and functions in your body:

Reproduction. For example, female hormones are involved in menstruation, pregnancy and menopause transition or male hormones and are involved in the production of sperm cells.

Metabolism.

Growth and development.

Digestion.

Fluid and salt.

Storage and consumption of food reserves.

Behavior, feelings and emotions. For example, hormones and stress have been linked.

Organ functions.

Regulation of hormones

Your hormones and the organs that produce hormones are collectively called the endocrine system. The various glands in our body make different hormones. However, these hormones are often also affect other glands, and making other hormones. In most cases, there is even a so-called "feedback mechanism '. A large amount of a particular hormone can ensure that the same hormone is made less. An example of this is what the pituitary secretes the hormone TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). If the amount of TSH is rising, this thereby inhibits the production of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. 

In addition to the hormones themselves, the nervous system is also involved in the regulation of hormones.

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Asparagus

                                               Asparagus

What is asparagus?

Asparagus plants whose young shoots are grown as vegetables. We know white asparagus that grow underground and green asparagus that grow above the ground and are thus influenced by the sun.

In the Netherlands, the asparagus season lasts about 2 months from mid April to mid June. Asparagus can be bought in different classes depending on the thickness, length or they are straight and have no discoloration.

Harvested asparagus are well kept moist as they dry out. Keep preferably in the refrigerator in a sealed plastic bag or in a wet towel.

White asparagus should be peeled very well otherwise they are stringy. The best thing is to break down the rear of the asparagus at the natural break point. 

Green asparagus have longer at the root of the plant and grow above ground. Green asparagus except stronger and spicier taste even richer in vitamins than the white ones. Green asparagus, you do not or hardly peels.

Asparagus cooking you a wide and deep pan or a so-called aspergepan. Upright in the pan you have the green asparagus at most 5 minutes to cook to get them soft and cooked. White asparagus you also have about 5 minutes to cook.

Nicknames of asparagus queen of vegetables, white gold, pearl of the country and points d'amour. 

what do asparagus with our health? Asparagus packed vitmaines and asparagus mineralenWat do with our health?

Ancient herbal books describe asparagus as a medicinal herb.

Asparagus contian Vitamins and minerals dietary fibers One of the most impressive features is the anticancer effect, which k is attributed to asparagus. This is, however, until now proved toeniet. The responsible substance that would lie at the basis of this property, in particular, is the enzyme 

"Glutathione", an extremely powerful antioxidant, which is for the immune system of the human being of substantial support.

In asparagus occurring amino acid asparagine stimulates kidney function. Furthermore, the substance asparagine has a favorable effect on liver disorders, gout, fatigue and low blood pressure.

Asparagus works depurativeThanks to its fiber wealth Asparagus promotes bowel function. The pectins and mucilage retain the water and in this way regulate the intestinal transit, while the celluloses in the stem accelerate transit.

Asparagus is also a very gentle remedy for constipation because they do not irritate the intestinal mucosa.

In kidney and bladder ailments asparagus can be used as urinary extruding means. This effect is amplified when the cooking water but DO NOT dispose of cooled drinking.

Asparagus contains few calories and fit, like most vegetables That helps even more fat burning.

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ginger

                                              ginger

What is ginger? 

The ginger plant is a perennial plant with a straight, reed-like stems which white flowers bloom. The ginger plant leaves are 15 to 30 cm. long and 2 to 2.5 cm. wide. The flowering stem directly from the rhizome up. It blooms with a green torch with small yellow flowers with a red heart. Underground grows a thick branched rhizome, which serves as food storage for the plant. The rhizome grows horizontally and yellow inside. Ginger is extracted from this rhizome.

Buy a piece of ginger root. Take a large pot and place the ginger flat on the soil. Push into place so that the root half underground disappear. Set to a warm place, but not in full sun. A houseplant not put outside in the winter !!

A sharp spice with a little sharp but sweet spicy taste. The taste of ginger is mainly from the chemical compounds gingerol and shogaol. A present flavor, but can also contribute to subtle cuisine. Because there was no pepper in the Middle Ages, was used ginger. In many Asian recipes belonging is a basic ingredient. Meat is more tender because fresh ginger contains a protein splitting enzyme. The smell of ginger is aromatic. Ginger is a perennial plant with a straight, 

reed-like stems which white flowers bloom, which grows up from a creeping, articulated root. Is extracted from the ginger rhizome at the bottom of the ginger plant.

Ginger also contains a number of medicinal substances including ginerol, Lineol,  and shogaol. A source of, inter alia, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B6 and powerful antioxidants.

Ingredients ginger

many medicinal active substances. Contains gingerol, Lineol, borneol,  pheilandreen and j shogaol.

In ginger is also specifically shogaol. A total of 17 medicinal substances workable.

Shogaol give the sharp taste and has the ability to reduce cancer and heart disease. Shoganol has also a painkilling effect and can reduce inflammation in joints.

Gingerol is a bioactive substance used to reduce symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Gingerol is also used to reduce swelling in the joints.

Zingiberene or ginger oil is an oil that occurs in ginger. Zingiberene is used in rheumatoid arthritis and some forms of headache. Ginger Oil or zingiberene works with shogaol and promotes digestion.

If you dry fresh ginger, cooked and served is gingerol into shogaol. Both gingerol as shogaol analgesia. Chemically this material appears to aspirin.

Ginger is good for stomach, spleen and intestines.

Ginger is extremely good for proper digestion and burning calories. You get more bricks from your diet. That's because of the dust zingibain.

There is, among other Danish research and applications no substance on earth that contains such powerful protein-digesting enzymes than zingibain.

Ginger is purifying and relieves pain. It is an antioxidant, is antiseptic, expectorant, relaxing, stimulating, 

detoxifying, breath refreshing. It contains active and potent antioxidants such as polyphenolic compounds. These anti-oxidants have effects on cells of our body such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor.

There was already research has been done into the effect of ginger on tumors, but then in rats and mice. Scientists looked at whether taking root had an effect on chemicals that can cause cancer. That turned out to be so,During the study, thirty healthy men administered for one month ginger f f a non-active substance (placebo). The amount of ginger was equivalent to the amount that people eat on average per day, so that the results would be applicable to reality. During the research there was still tissue taken from the gut of the test subjects.

Less inflammation was soon found that the group receiving ginger, had less inflammation burden. Earlier research scientists already knew that inflammation in the intestinal tissue are strongly associated with the development of colon cancer. A beneficial effect so.

Antacids by millions of people around the world every day be swallowed, do not even work as good as the ginger. The health benefits of ginger have been extensively studied and tested successfully on more than 100 health and that makes ginger one of the most diverse and proven remedies. Antacids that you have get at the pharmacy or drugstore adverse side effects,by reducing stomach acid the body is less protected against infections, digests the food and less inhibited the absorption of 

minerals and important nutrients. Prolonged use may even lead to diarrhea, pneumonia, osteoporosis, stomach ulcers and stomach cancer.

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Strawberry

                                           Strawberry

strawberries healthy

Strawberries are healthy? Strawberries are in Asian countries also called the "Queen of Fruits", ie they are full of different health benefits. Compared with fruits like apples, oranges or bananas, strawberries contain more nutrients. This juicy heart-shaped delights have to offer really much more than their sweet taste. 

Strawberry healthy and antioxidant:

Here's the first reason why strawberries are healthy. Strawberries are actually powerhouses, they are a potent source of antioxidants that fight free radicals .These radicals including by: sunlight, drugs, pesticides in food and alcohol consumption. Smoking also contributes to the generation of free radicals and leads to faster THEREBY aging of the skin. Rapid aging, damage to connective tissues and skin, inter alia, appear to be the result of aggressive substances.

Strawberries healthy and good against cardiovascular disease

Strawberries protect against include cardiovascular disease and arthritis (inflammation of the joints). Strawberries contain anthocyanins, these dyes belong to the flavonoids. Maybe you already knew that flavonoids have a beneficial effect on the condition of the heart and blood vessels.

Strawberries healthy for strengthening blood vessels:

Strawberries are fortified with vitamin C. Consuming strawberries helps the body to strengthen any weak spots in the walls of blood vessels, so you avoid bruising or bruising as is known in the vernacular. Eight strawberries contain more vitamin C than an orange.

Regulate blood sugar:

Research has shown that strawberries assist in regulating blood sugar levels. Consuming a cup of fresh strawberries will significantly reduce blood sugar. For that reason, strawberries a very useful tool in the fight against obesity.

Strawberries for healthy bones:

One of the essential strategies for procureren of healthy bones is choosing the right kind of power supply. Strawberries include this right kind of nutrition. 

Strawberries help with the preservation and promotion of healthy bones. It is, after all, so that strawberries are enriched with potassium, vit. K, and Mg. These substances are essential for strong and healthy bones.

Anti-inflammatory :

Strawberries have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Studies show that strawberries reduce the inflammatory marker (CRP) indeed. One study showed that one should consume at least 3 times a week strawberries to take advantage of these anti-inflammatory properties. But since strawberries are awfully nice, this is no problem.

Stimulate fat burning with strawberries:

Strawberry is a particularly rich source of anthocyanins. This substance stimulates the body (saved) to use fat as fuel. A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry shows that animals given foods with high fat content, including the fabric "anthocyanin" weight gain enormously reduced.

Improve short-term memory:

The substance "anthocyanin" located in a strawberry, give you short term memory  really a boost, according to a study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food 

Chemistry.

Strawberries good for the eyes

Strawberries can contribute to good health of the eyes. Consuming three or more servings of fruits like strawberries reduces the risk of macular degeneration (retinal aging), according to a study published in the Archives of Ophthalmology. This is another reason why they are healthy strawberries.

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Orange

                                 Orange          

Orange juice is a fruit juice with a lot of vitamin C. Approximately 50% of the weight of a consists of orange juice. Orange Nectar of orange drink must contain at least 50% juice. The juice should be on the label. The remainder of the juice consists of water or any other extract. 

The amount of vitamin C in orange juice varies and depends partly on the sinaasappelras, growing conditions, processing and transportation.

Orange juice with pulp contains more fiber. Freshly squeezed juice contains about 50% more vitamin C than juice from concentrate. Even orange juice from concentrate contains lots of vitamin C.

On average, one glass of juice from concentrate thirds of the recommended daily amount of     vitamin C.

In fruit juices are fruit sugars. If you drink a lot of juice, you get a lot of calories. The risk of obesity increases. It is therefore advisable not too much and too often take orange juice.

Save:

Fruit juices can be stored for 3 to 4 days in the refrigerator. Orange juice from concentrate can be 3 months unopened be stored outside the refrigerator.

Bottles of fresh juice can be stored it in the fridge, otherwise the vitamin C content is declining rapidly. Vitamin C is broken down under the influence of light.

Prepare:

With juicy oranges, you can also make your own orange juice. These are the oranges to peel bad, many seeds have or are on the acid side. For every liter of juice are 9 to 10 oranges required.

Health benefits:

The health benefits of fruit juices such as orange juice are similar to those of fresh fruit, but the levels of certain nutrients such as vitamin C, and fibers, are typically lower than is naturally present in the fresh fruit. Juices and other processed vegetable products such as orange juice is therefore only up to half counted in achieving the recommended amount of fruit.

Teeth:

Sugars in fruit juices are bad for the teeth. You run the risk of dental caries or cavities by plaque formation if you drink more than 7 times per day juice.

Acids in fruit juices are not good for tooth enamel. If the teeth are damaged by dental erosion, this is irreparable.

The more the tooth enamel with acid comes into contact, the faster it is affected. Fruit juice may therefore best be drunk after the other in order to keep the number of acid attack on teeth limited.

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